However, the inadequacies of V-based materials in the aqueous electrolytes also hindered its fast development and commercialization process. Recently, owing to high theoretical capacity and abundant embedded sites, vanadium(V)-based materials have attracted more and more attention. Thus, a lot of research efforts have been devoted to searching for various electrode materials for the insertion/extraction of metal ions. Recent advances in vanadium-based materials for aqueous metal ion batteries: Design of morphology and crystal structure, evolution of mechanisms and electrochemical performanceĪqueous metal ion batteries have attracted increased attention as possible alternative to lithium ion batteries for large-scale electrical energy storage applications due to the environmental friendliness, intrinsic safety, and low cost of the aqueous electrolytes.
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